Ferreed switch having printed circuit board wiring



March l0, 1,970 N. wAssERMAN 3,500,267

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FERREED SWITCH HAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING Filed Nay 28, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 March 1o, 1970 N. WASSERMAN 3,500,267

FERREED SWITCH HAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING Filed May 28, 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 lII'IO v MQQ March 10, 1970 N. wAssERMAN FERREED SWITCH HAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed lay 28, 1968 v. Sk

* Much 10, 1970 3,500,261

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March 1 0, 1970 N. wAssERMAN FERREED SWITCH HAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING Filed Hay 28. 1968 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 March l0, l NywAssr-:RMAN

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FERREED SWITCH HAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed lay 28, 1968 F/a. /5 l FIG. y[6

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FREQUENCY (MHZ) United States Patent O 3,500,267 FERREED SWITCH HAVING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WIRING Norman Wasserman, Columbus, Ohio, assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, Murray Hill, NJ., a corporation of New York Filed May 28, 1968, Ser. No. 732,608 Int. Cl. H01h 67/ 14 U.S. Cl. 335-112 20 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A ferreed switch having a shunt plate assembly is wired 1n a standard pattern, partially assembled by simultaneously positioning all of the reed switches with a magnetic jig, and located between two printed circuit boards is housed in a protective cover and equipped with lever arms adapted to facilitate installation in an operating environment. The shunt plate assembly and printed circuit boards are assembled so that at each crosspoint a coil support in the shunt plate assembly is in register with a set of small holes in one printed circuit board and a large hole in the other. Moreover, each coil support is sealed at one end, internally divided into compartments by a separator, and perforated by a lead hole in each compartment. Finally, each reed switch in the coil supports is located in a separate compartment, has been positioned so that its airgap is in register with a magnetically conducting portion of the shunt plate assembly, has one lead extending through a lead hole in the coil support to a point of attachment in a small hole in one printed circuit board, and has the other lead extending through a large hole in the other printed circuit board to a point of attachment with a flexible locating tab.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This invention relates to crosspoint switching devices and pertains in particular to those in which the crosspoint connections are made through one or more sealed contact reed switches. Such devices are commonly referred to as ferreed switches.

Description of the prior art Functionally, a ferreed switch is an interface device for making electromechanical switching apparatus compatible with electronic control equipment. The unique characteristic of a ferreed switch is in its ability to accept instructions at microsecond rates and to convert those instructions into actions which require milliseconds to complete. By exploiting this characteristic, switching systems can be constructed in which the reliability of mechanical switching is combined with the versatility of high-speed control equipment.

More particularly, ferreed switches use the remanent characteristic of certain magnetic materials in order to produce a bistable switching function in selected reed switches. Structurally, the heart of a ferreed switch is a shunt plate assembly which is divided into a number of crosspoints. The switching function of each crosspoint is performed by a group of reed switches assembled in a cluster by a coil form. All of the coil forms are mounted in apertures in the shunt plate assembly, and each contains remanent members or plates which hold the reed switches in the cluster open or closed in response to magnetic ux generated by coincident control pulses.

Typically, the coil forms are distributed on the shunt plate assembly in a symmetrical array of rows and columns. Thus, a crosspoint is located at the intersection of each row and column. The operating windings in each Patented Mar. l0, 1970 ICC .row and in each column are wired in series and, when a potential is applied to a row or column, all of the operating coils generate control pulses. When a potential is applied to a row and column simultaneously, the coincident control pulses generated at the intersection produce a resultant operative magnetic flux to which the reed switches respond. In short, the typical ferreed switch is a magnetically operated cross-point device in which the operative part of each crosspoint is a cluster of reed switches, and in which selective operation of the clusters occurs in response to magnetic flux produced by coincident control pulses appearing at the intersection between a row and column of operating coils.

While ferreed switches have proven to be extremely valuable and useful devices from a functional point of view, they nevertheless present a number of practical difculties. For example, fabrication is a delicate and demanding task. As a specific example, when the reed switches are installed in a ferreed switch, the airgap in each must be located in a predetermined position with respect to the magnetically conducting portion of the shunt plate assembly. While many techniques for locating the reed switches have been devised, none has proved to be entirely satisfactory. Accordingly, one object of this invention is to facilitate the location of reed swtiches in the shunt plate assembly of a ferreed switch during fabrication.

Similarly, many times during the course of manufacture, the seals between the glass envelopes and the leads of the reed switches are subjected to undesirable mechanical stress. As a consequence, dicult-todetect fractures or cracks occur in the seals which, in turn, often lead to the necessity of replacing an entire switch. Accordingly, another object of this invention is to relieve mechanical stresses inadvertently applied to seals in the reed switches during manufacture.

Another difliculty, although not entirely related to manufacturing, is the need to provide ferreed switches with the variety of switching functions demanded by circuit designers. Heretofore, in order to meet that demand, it has been necessary to maintain a supply of shunt plate assemblies in which each is wired differently. This practice, however, has proved to be both costly and inefficient. It is, therefore, another object of this invention to increase the versatility of the basic ferreed switch.

Ferreed switches, while relatively rugged devices, nevertheless contain delicate and sensitive parts. Consequently, they must *be shielded in use. At the same time, however, the ferreed switch must be easy to install and remove. Accordingly, another object of this invention is to provide a ferreed switch that is easy to use but which is relatively safe fromI physical harm.

Further, in the use of ferreed switches, careful attention must be paid to maintenance details in order to keep operating costs at reasonable levels. In particular, the burgeoning use of ferreed switches demands elimination of techniques which were merely inconvenient on a limited use basis but which, on a large scale, 'are prohibitively wasteful and expensive. As one example, reed switches have heretofore been assembled in the coil forms so that each cluster becomes a unitary assembly. Thus, replacement of defective reed switches on an individual basis has been awkward, if not impossible. AS a practical matter, therefore, when an individual switch fails, it is not replaced. Instead, an entirely new cluster is substituted for the one containing the defective switch. While such a solution may be permissible where limited quantities of ferreed switches are used, it is intolerable where the switches are used in volume. It is, therefore, another object of this invention to improve maintenance procedures.

In addition, circuit Iapplications often require switching of signals of relatively high frequency. In such cases,

ferreed switches behave as transmission lines and are susceptible to severe deterioration in signal carrying capacity. Another object of this invention, therefore, is to improve the behavior of a ferreed switch when it carries high frequency signals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The foregoing objects of this invention land others of a similar nature are achieved by one or more of the following features.

In accordance with one feature of this invention all of the reed switches in the ferreed switch are simultaneously aligned during assembly with a magnetic referencing jig to facilitate manufacture.

In accordance with another feature of this invention, flexible tabs are attached to the lead ends of the reed switches in order to absorb undesirable mechanical stress imposed on the glass seals of the reed switches during fabrication.

In accordance with another feature of this invention each coil form is sealed at one end except for lead holes, and is internally divided into compartments to facilitate assembly of reed switches during fabrication and to facilitate removal of individual reed switches for maintenance purposes.

In accordance with another feature of this invention, at each crosspoint one circuit board is equipped with hole sets for positioning and holding individual reed switch leads, and the other circuit board is equipped with windows large enough to permit passage of an entire reed switch as well as to accommodate in a common opening all of the leads of reed switches in a cluster in order to facilitate fabrication and maintenance.

In accordance with another feature of this invention, lever arms are mounted on the ferreed switch for limiting the depth it may be inserted freely into a mounting position and for assisting in final insertion, and a protective housing having two cover halves is mounted on the ferreed switch in order to facilitate handling.

In accordance with another feature of this invention, each printed circuit board acts as 'a strip line to improve signal transmission at high frequency and comprises a grounded metal plate separated from the circuit paths by ya dielectric material.

, BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The following detailed description will lassist in a better understanding of this invention when taken in conjunction with the drawing in which:

-FIG. 1 is a partial view taken in perspective of a ferreed switch made in accordance with this invention and lin which parts have been broken away to illustrate interior details;

FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the ferreed switch shown in FIG. 1 in which parts are broken away to illustrate interior details;

FIG. 3 is an elevation view of the ferreed switch shown in FIG. 2 taken partially in section and having parts broken `away to illustrate interior details;

FIG. 4 is a partial plan view of the exterior of the 'ferreed switch shown in FIG. 2 and in which portions are broken away for illustrative purposes;

FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a partially constructed coilfform taken in section;

FIG. 6 is a plan view partially in section of the coil form shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an elevation view taken partially in section of a coil form in combination with oeprative components at one step in the manufacturing process;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a magnetically remanent member;

FIG. 9 is ya partial View taken in perspective of a portion of a printed circuit board containing a window and mounting tabs;

FIG. l0 is an elevation view taken partially in section of a portion of a ferreed switch during one phase of assembly;

FIG. 11 is an exterior plan view taken partially in section of a portion of the ferreed switch shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 12 -is a conceptualized arrangement of the operative components of fa ferreed switch in which one mode of operation is illustrated;

FIG. 13 is the same as FIG. 12 except that it illustrates another mode of operation;

FIG. 14 is |a partial view taken in perspective of a portion of a printed circuit board containing a hole set;

FIG. 15 is a partial view taken in perspective of a ferreed switch Ihaving wire wrap terminals and a fanning strip; and

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating worst case crosstalk loss in DBs as a function of frequency in megahertz.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION A ferreed switch 20, as shown in FIG. 1, comprises a shunt plate assembly 30, two printed circuit boards 60 and 70, and a cover assembly 80. In the following paragraphs each of these elements is described in detail.

Beginning with the shunt plate assembly 30, it comprises, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, a shunt plate 31, coil forms 32, a stand-offs 33, a terminal block 34, lever arms 35, and a number of pass-through terminals 36. As partially shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the coil forms 32 and the pass-through terminals 36 are arranged on the shunt plate 31 in a symmetrical array, While the terminal block 34 is located at one end and the lever arms 35 at the other end.

The shunt plate 31 performs a magnetic shunting function as described elsewhere and, in the embodiment illustrated, the coil form array comprises sixty-four coil forms 32 arranged in rows and columns of eight each to produce a configuration commonly referred to as an 8 X 8 matrix. Each coil form 32 has two end sections 37 and, as best seen in FIG. 3, is mounted in an aperture in the shunt plate 31 so that the end sections 37 project outwardly from both sides. Advantageously, the shunt plate 31 is made of a magnetically conducting material such as low remanent iron.

The embodiment of the shunt plate 31 disclosed herein contains thirty-two pass-through terminals 36. Each passthrough terminal 36 is essentially a post which extends through the shunt plate 31 so as to have its ends projecting outwardly a spaced distance from the surface thereof. As partially illustrated in FIG. 2, all thirty-two passthrough terminal 36 are arranged so as to divide the shunt plate 31 into quadrants containing sixteen coil forms 32 each. Each pass-through terminal 36 includes a metallic, electrically conducting pass-through pin 38 and an insulator sleeve 39. The insulator sleeve 39 electrically insulates the pass-through pin 38 and joins the passthrough terminal 36 to the shunt plate 31. Functionally, each pass-through pin 38 serves as an anchoring point for coil leads and as an electrically common point which extends from one side of the shunt plate 31 to the other.

The terminal block 34 serves as another anchoring point for coil leads and, as shown in FIG. 3, is conveniently located at one end of the shunt plate 31. It is rigidly attached, i.e., by rivets (not shown) and includes an insulating block 41 and a number of terminal pins 42. The terminal pins 42 are mounted on opposite sides of the insulating block 41 in parallel rows and each row contains sixteen pins. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the terminal pins 42 do not extend completely through, so the insulating block 41 contains sixty-four individual terminal pins 42. The insulating block 41 is advantageously made of a material such as a general purpose phenolic while the terminal pins 42 are made of an electrically conducting material such as tin-plated brass.

The lever arms 35 assist in inserting and removing the ferreed switch 20 when it is used in an operating environment. As shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and l1, a pair of lever arms 35 is mounted on the shunt plate assembly 30, and each is essentially identical to the other. Consequently, a description of one will suffice for both. As can be seen in FIG. 4, each lever arm 35 is effectively divided into two parts by an aperture 45. The aperture 45 accommodates a stand-off 33 and thus forms a pivot point for the lever arm 35. One part of the lever arm 35 contains a handle 46, while the other part contains a cam stop 47 which is conveniently cylindrical in construction. The handle 46 has finger grips 48 and, as best seen in FIG. ll, a locking hook 49 which cooperates with a stand-off 33. Specifically, the locking hook 49 is slightly larger than a semicircle. As a result, when it is pressed against a stand-olf 33 it first expands and then snaps into place around the shaft thereof. As to the lever arms 35 as a whole, each is made of a plastic material such as polycarbonate.

The coil forms 32 are coil supports which group the active switching components into crosspoint subassemblies or clusters. The coil forms 32 are all identical, so a description of one will suffice for all. As shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, each coil form 32 includes a hollow support member 52. Each support member 52 includes the two end sections 37 and is advantageously made of a thermoplastic material. When assembled into a crosspoint cluster, the support member 52, as illustrated in FIGS, 5 and 7, includes corner guides 51, one or more remanent plates 53, a separator 54, a pair of coils 55, and one or more reed switches 56.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, one end section 37 is sealed, except for holes 57, to form a floor from which the separator 54 and the corner guides 51 project upwardly. The holes 57 are designed to accommodate leads from the reed switches 56 and, in order to facilitate insertion of the lead, each is tapered. In the embodiment described, the separator 54 is similar in shape to a Maltese cross in cross section. As a consequence, it cooperates with the walls of the support member 52 to form a number of compartments 58. One hole 57 is located in each compartment 58. Similarly, the corner guides 51 are spaced from the walls of the support member 52 and cooperate in pairs with the separator 54, as best seen in FIG. 6, to form pockets 59. As can be seen from FIG. 6, when a coil form 32 is assembled, each compartment 58 can accommodate a reed switch 56 and each pocket 59 can accommodate a remanent plate 53. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, however, only three reed switches 56 have been inserted in the compartments 58.

The remanent plates 53 are made of a magnetic material having a substantially square hysteresis loop, so each exhibits a bistable magnetic state. Advantageously, they are made of a material such as Remendur and, as shown in FIG. 8, are conveniently formed in a rectangular shape. Functionally, the magnetic state of the remanent plates 53 responds to selective operation of the coils 55.

As shown in FIG. 6, when each remanent plate 53 is inserted in a pocket 59, it is prevented from rotating by the cooperative action of the corner guides 51 and the separator 54. Moreover, as can be seen best in FIG. 7, the floor of the sealed end of the support member 52 is spaced from the shunt plate 31 a distance such that the midpoint of each remanent plate 53 will bein register with the shunt plate 31. As a consequence, the support members 52 position the remanent plates 53 so that they are magnetically centered with respect to the reed switches 56.

The coils 55 are wound on the support members 52, and, as conceptually illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13, each coil 55 comprises a primary and secondary winding. In practice, the primary winding advantageously has approximately twice the turns of the secondary; i.e., the primary having thirty-five turns and the secondary having eighteen. Moreover, the primary and secondary windings are connected in series, but wound so as to generate opposing magnetic ux. Each coil 55 is wound on its support member 52 with the primary wound on one end section 37 and the secondary wound on the other. Also, two coils 55 are wound on each support member 52, but with the primaries wound on opposite end sections 37. Thus, each end section 37 will be wound with a primary and a secondary winding, but the windings will be from different coils. Consequently, each support `member 52 accommodates two differentially wound coils 55.

When the coil forms 32 are assembled in the shunt plate assembly 30, the primary windings of four coils 55 in each quadrant row located on one side of the shunt plate 31 are wired together to form a series string. Similarly, the corresponding four secondary windings in the same quadrant row but located on the other side of the shunt plate 31 are also wired together to form a series string. Next, the two strings are joined. Specifically, one end of the string of primary windings and one end of the string of secondary windings in each quadrant row are joined to opposite ends of a common pass-through pin 38 so as to form a single series circuit containing both primary and secondary windings. The remaining input and output leads of the series circuit of primary and secondary windings so formed are then terminated on two terminal pins 42. When wound with this winding arrangement, the shunt plate assembly 30 has sixteen individual rows of series wound coil forms 32 in which each individual row contains four coil forms 32 and the sixteen rows are arranged in four equal quadrants.

The column quadrants are wired in the same manner as the row quadrants; that is, the primary windings of four coils 55 in each quadrant column located on the other side of the shunt plate 31 are wired in a series string as are the corresponding secondary windings. As before, the string of primary windings and the string of secondary windings are joined at one end by another common passthrough pin 38, and the remaining lead ends are terminated on two additional terminal pins 42. Consequently, electrical access to any two coils 55 wired on a common support member 52 is through four specific terminal pins 42; two being associated with a specific column in a quadrant and two being associated with a specific row in the same quadrant.

In the embodiment being described, the terminals 42, as well as the reed switches 56, are reached electrically through the two circuit boards 60 and 70. As partially illustrated in FIG. 1, the circuit board 60 is an assembly comprising a conveniently rectangular printed circuit board 61, a number of circuit paths 62 and a connector plug 86. The connector plug 86 is mounted at one end of the printed circuit board 61 and is joined electrically to the circuit paths 62. It is designed to be plugged into a suitable socket as described elsewhere.

The printed circuit board 61 is advantageously designed to function as a so-called strip line. As can best be seen in FIG. 9, it contains an electrically conducting plate 83, the circuit paths 62, a dielectric material 84 and a ground screw 85. The plate 83 is conveniently made of a material such as aluminum, while the dielectric material 84 is made from an epoxy resin and is located between the circuit paths 62 and the metal plate 83. The metal plate 83 serves a dual function; first, it acts as a ground plane with respect to the circuit paths 62, and second, it acts as a rigid support. In addition, it can be made of a magnetically conducting material as well as an electrically conducting material. In that case it will provide a third function; viz., it will act as a magnetic shield with respect to the shunt plate assembly 30.

The screw 85 grounds the plate 83. It is conveniently self-tapping and, when screwed into the printed circuit board 61, the threads engage the plate 83. As illustrated in FIG. 9, its head engages a circuit path 62 which, in turn, extends through the connector plug 86 to a suitable ground (not shown).

It has been found that when the circuit board 60 functions as a strip line, a substantial improvement is achieved in cross-talk loss. In fact, as shown in FIG. 16, a switch equipped with printed circuit boards functioning as strip lines performs almost at the limit theoretically imposed by open contact capacitance. The lowest tolerable db loss for communication equipment is about 80 db. Consequently, as can be seen from FIG. 16, the disclosed switch can be used with signals up to the one megahertz range. Moreover, when functioning as a strip line, the circuitry is susceptible to transmission line design treatment and the switch is capable of working compatibly with coaxial input and output equipment.

Returning to FIGS. 3, 9 and l0 and the detailed construction of the printed circuit board 61, it also contains sixty-four holel sets 63, a .number of mounting holes 65 and a number of terminal pin holes 66. The hole sets 63 are aranged in a symmetrical array of rows and columns. As illustrated in FIGS. 3, 9 and 10, each hole set 63 includes a number of lead holes 64, and each lead hole 64 is associated with a circuit path 62.

As can be understood from FIG. 3, the terminal pin holes 66 are arranged in two rows of sixteen each (not shown) at one end of the printed circuit board 61, and the mounting holes 65 are distributed around the periphery and in the center of the printed circuit board 61 (not shown). The mounting holes 65 hold the printed circuit board 61 to the standoifs 33, the terminal pinholes 66 accept terminal pins 42, and each terminal pinhole 66 is associated with a circuit path 62 (not shown). When the printed circuit board 61 is joined to the stand-offs 33, as partially illustrated in FIGS. 3 and l0, the hole sets 63 are aligned with the ends of the coil forms 32 and each lead hole 64 is in register with a lead hole 57.

During fabrication of the ferreed switch 20, as best illustrated by FIG. 10, the lead holes 57 and 64 cooperate to facilitate assembly. Assembly conveniently begins by mounting the coil forms 32 on the shunt plate 31.

Next, the coils 55 are wound on the coils forms 32 and the ends are wired to appropriate terminals 42 and pass through pins 38 to form the wiring pattern described elsewhere.

After the coils 55 are wound and terminated, the circuit board 60 is installed on the shunt assembly 30y with the terminal pins 42 projecting through the holes 66, and the stand-offs 33 extending through the holes 65. When the circuit board 60 is properly located on the shunt plate assembly 30, the stand-offs 33 are staked to the printed circuit board 61 to hold it in place.

With the circuit board 60 in place, the reed switches 56 and the remanent plates 53 are inserted in the compartments 58 and pockets 59 in the coil forms 32. When a reed switch 56 is inserted into a compartment 58, the taper in the lead hole 57 guides its lead and, because the lead hole 57 is in register with the lead hole 64, directs it into the lead hole 64 in the circuit board 60. Similarly, the remanent plates 53 in each coil form 32 are guided into the pockets 59 by the corner guides 51 and separator 54, and centered with respect to the shunt plate 31 by the oor of the support members 52. From the foregoing, it is readily seen that the design of the coil forms 32 makes insertion and position of the reed switches 56 and the remanent plates 53 a simple matter. In fact, when each is merely dropped, it falls into place, an operation that can be done rapidly and easily by an unskilled operator or even a machine.

Next, all of the reed switches 56 are located in unison` with respect to the shunt plate 31. As best seen in FIG. 10, a magnetic positioning jig 67 is used to simultaneously locate the reed switches 56. The jig 67 comprises sixtyfour magnets 168 and a number of lead locating holes 69. The magnets 68 are located in the jig 67 with their faces in a common plane and in abutting relationship with one end of the lead locating holes 69. Moreover, the magnets 68 are aligned in rows and columns so that one magnet appears at each intersection.

The lead locating holes 69 are large at one end but each tapers down to an opening just large enough to accommodate the lead from a reed switch 56. In addition to the lead locating holes 69, the jig 67 also has a number of positioning holes 101. The positioning holes 101 accommodate the ends of the stand-offs 33, and, when the jig 67 is mounted on the stand-offs 33, align each magnet 68 in register with a coil form 32.

After the jig 67 is in position on the stand-offs 33, the lead tips on the reed switches 56 are magnetically attracted into the lead locating holes 69, where they are straightened if necessary, and become attached to the faces of the magnets 68. The reed switches 56 are made so that the distance between the lead tips and the airgap, or point of overlap between the reeds, is a precise distance.

Consequently, when all of the lead tips are attached to the faces of magnets 68, they will all be aligned in a common plane. Similarly, the stand-offs 33 lproject a carefully controlled distance above the shunt plate 31. As a result, the plane containing the lead tips is spaced a precise distance from the shunt plate 31; that is, a distance such that the airgaps in the reed switches 56 are aligned with the shunt plate 31. Moreover, the lead locating holes 69 are spaced with respect to the positioning holes 101 so that when a lead from a reed switch 56 is positioned therein, the lead will be aligned laterally on a specific longitudinal axis and ready to be inserted into the circuit board 70.

With the leads properly aligned, both laterally as well as longitudinally, the reed switches 56 are permanently attached to the printed circuit board 60. Specifically, the leads in the lead holes 64 and the terminal pins 42 in the terminal pin holes 66 are soldered to the printed circuit board 61 and thereby joined to specific circuit paths 62. Also, the remanent plates 53 are joined to the coil forms 32 as ,for example, by staking. At this point, the circuit board 60 is joined to the shunt plate assembly 30, the reed switches 56 are xed in position and only the circuit board 70 remains to be mounted in order to complete assembly of the electrically operative part of the ferreed switch 20.

As best seen in FIGS. l, 2 and 3, the circuit board 70 is mounted by attaching the projecting leads of the reed switches 56 to apertured tabs 71, projecting the terminal pins `42 through terminal pin holes 72, soldering the terminal pins 42 in place, extending the stand-oifs 33 through mounting holes 73, and staking the stand-offs 33 in place. Structurally, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the circuit board 70 is an assembly comprising, in addition to the tabs 71, the terminal pinholes 72 and the mounting holes 73 already mentioned, a printed circuit board 74, sixty-four windows 75, a connector plug 76 and a plurality of circuit paths 77 electrically joined to the terminal pins 42. The tabs 71, the terminal pins 42 and the mounting holes 73 are located with respect to each other so that when the stand-offs 33 are aligned with the mounting holes 73, each aperture in a tab 71 will be laterally aligned directly over the specific longitudinal axis of a lead from a reed switch 56 and each terminal pin 42 will be aligned with a terminal pin hole 72. Thus, installation of the circuit board 70 is simply a matter of aligning the mounting holes 73 with the stand-oifs 33 and then dropping the printed circuit board 74 into place.

As in the case of the printed circuit board 61, the printed circuit board 74 is also constructed as a strip line. As seen in FIG. 14, it comprises a metal plate and the circuit paths 77 separated by a dielectric material 111. In addition, it includes a ground screw 112 which functions in the same manner as its counterpart in the circuit board 60. Advantageously, the metal plate 110 is made from aluminum, the dielectric material 111 is an epoxy resin and the ground screw 112 is self-tapping. Again, as in the case of the circuit board 60, the metal plate 110 can be made of a magnetically as well as electrically conducting material for shielding purposes.

Advantageously, the connector plug 76 is located at the end of the printed circuit board 74 and, as can be seen in FIG. 1, is in register with the connector plug `86 when the circuit board 70 is installed. The connector plugs 76 and 86 join the ferreed switch 20 to a socket as described hereafter. While the connector plugs 76 and 86 are particularly convenient, alternative arrangements are also useful. For example, as indicated in FIG. l5, the connector plugs 76 and 86 can readily be replaced with a wire wrap terminal assembly 105.

As partially shown in FIG. 15, the wire wrap terminal assembly 105 comprises a terminal block 106 made of a phenolic material and terminals 107 conveniently made from tin-plated brass. Each terminal 107 is L-shaped and is mounted with one end projecting upwardly through a suitable hole in the printed circuit board 74 so as to contact a circuit path 77 while the other end projects out of the terminal block 106 and is adapted for automatic wire wrapping.

When the ferreed switch 20 is equipped with a wire wrap terminal assembly 105, as shown in FIG. 15, it is especially adapted to protect external circuit leads terminated on the terminals 107. Specifically, the printed circuit board 74 is modified to include openings 88 arranged so that the edge of the circuit board 61 forms a fanning strip. In addition, the terminal block 106 includes a projecting ridge 108 which, in conjunction with the fanning strip on the circuit board 74, forms a space. The terminals 107 are tucked in the space and are thereby protected from accidental injury.

Returning to the description of the printed circuit Iboard 74, as best understood from FIG. 2, the windows 75 are distributed in eight intersecting rows and columns. Each window 75 is located at an intersection of a row and column and, when the circuit board 70 is attached to the shunt plate assembly 30, is in register with a coil form 32. In addition, each window 75 has an opening large enough to accommodate all of the leads from the reed switches 56 in the associated coil form 32 and, in fact, is large enough to permit passage of an entire reed switch 56.

At each window, as best seen in FIG. 14, the tabs 71 are cantilevered outwardly over the opening from a point of attachment on a circ-uit path 77 on the printed circuit board 74. The tabs 71 are identical, so a description of one will suffice for all. Each tab 71 is made of an electrically conducting flexible material such as soft tin-plated brass. Advantageously, it has a rectangular section 78 at one end containing three flaps 79. Two of the aps 79 are designed to engage a common side of a window 75 when installed, while the third is offset so as to cooperate with the others and a hole in the printed circuit board 74 to form a triangular point of atta-chment. At the other end of the tab 71 is an aperture to accommodate a lead from a reed switch 56 as described heretofore. Because of the flexibility of the tab 71, it can deflect to relieve any mechanical stress applied to the reed switch lead even after it has been soldered in place.

Assembly of the ferreed switch 20 is completed when the shunt plate assembly 30 is joined to the two circuit boards 60 and 70 and the combination is housed in a protective cover assembly 80. As best seen infFIGS. 1 and 3, the cover assembly 80 comprises two cover halves 81. Each cover half 81 has locating holes adapted to mate with the ends of selected stand-offs 33, and a central opening (not shown). A screw (not shown) extends through each central opening and engages a central standoff 33 to hold each cover half 81 in place on the shunt plate assembly 30. Both cover halves 81 have bent-over edges 120 and are made of a magnetically conducting material such as cold-rolled steel. As a consequence, they cooperate to physically protect and magnetically shield the internal components of the ferreed switch 20.

In addition, the cover halves 81 cooperate with shunt plate 31 and the lever arms 35 to assist during installation or removal of the ferreed switch 20. As shown in FIG. 1, a space 121 appears between the bent-over edges 120 of the two cover halves 81 in which one edge of the shunt plate 31 is exposed. The space 121, the edge of the shunt plate 31, and the cover halves 81 cooperate with parts of a mounting structure during installation.

The mounting structure 90, as partially shown in FIGS. 4 and 1l, includes a support 91 and a pair of tracks 92. Each track 92 flanges outwardly from the support 91 and is grooved. A cam stop 93 is located at one end of each track 92 as well as a cam surface 94. Adjacent to the end of the tracks 92 is a connector socket 96 for accepting the connector plugs 76 and 86.

When the ferreed switch 20 is inserted in the mounting structure 90, the `cover halves 81 embrace the tracks 92 and guide two edges of the shunt plate 31 into the respective grooves. After the ferreed switch 20 has been inserted into the mounting structure 90 a predetermined distance, viz., to a point before the connector plugs 76 and 86 engage the connector socket 96, the cam stop 47 on each lever arm 35 engages the cam stop 93. As a consequence, no further free inward travel of the ferreed switch 20 is permitted and the connector plugs 76 and 86 cannot `be inadvertently jammed into the connector socket 96. Thereafter, the lever arms 35 -must Vbe used to seat the connector plugs 76 and 86 the remaining distance into the connector socket 96. Specifically, the lever arms 35 are pivoted by the handles 46 so that the cam stops 47 press on the cam surfaces 94 and thereby force the connector plugs 76 and 86 into the connector socket 96. Consequently, the lever arms 35 serve a dual function: rst, they prevent accidental damage to the connector plug 76, the connector plug 86, and the connector socket 96, and secondly, they insert the connector plugs 76 and 86 in the connector socket 96 with a positive action.

In operation, a ferreed switch is typically energized by applying coincident pulses to the two coils located at a selected crosspoint. The ferreed switch 20` disclosed herein generally operates in the same manner. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the primaries of the coils 55 are illustrated graphically by two coil turns, while the secondaries are shown as a single coil turn. Moreover, the primary and secondary in each coil 55 are connected to generate opposing magnetic uxes. However, since the primary has more turns than the secondary, each coil 55 will generate a net magnetic flux, and the net magnetic flux will have a magnitude equal to the difference between the magnetic ux from the primary and the magnetic flux from the secondary.

Each pair of arrows 100 in FIGS. 12 and 13 on the same side of the shunt plate 31 represent a net magnetic ux. In FIG. l2, the two coils 55 have been energized coincidentally. As a result, two aiding net magnetic fluxes have been induced in the remanent plates 53 and four arrows 100 are shown. The two induced net magnetic fluxes combine to form a resultant magnetic ux.

Each reed switch 56 is adjusted to operate in response to flux having a magnitude in excess of either net magnetic flux. As a resut, the contacts in each reed switch 56 will close in response to the resultant flux because the resultant magnetic flux has a magnitude equal to the sum of the two net magnetic fluxes. The contacts will remain closed until the magnetic state of the remanent plates 53 is changed.

In FIG. 13, the magnetic state of the remanent plates 53 has been changed. Specifically, a pulse has been applied to `only one of the coils 55 and in a direction so as to produce an opposing net magnetic flux. Thus, two of the flux arrows 100 have changed direction. As a consequence, the resultant magnetic flux in the reed switch 56 drops below the magnitude required to hold the contacts closed. As a result, the contacts have opened.

While electrical operation of the ferreed switch 20 described above is conventional, the structure of the disclosed device allows several circuit efficiencies. Generally,

in order to coincidentally operate both coils 55 at a crosspoint, one pulse is applied to a selected row and another is applied to a selected column of coil forms 32. Since input to the coils 55 in the selected row and column is through two pairs of terminal pins 42, it would appear that two pulses are necessary. With the design disclosed, however, one of the circuit paths 62 or 77 on the circuit boards 60 or 70 interconnects `one selected terminal pin 42 from each pair. By this technique, a column and row of coils S are automatically wired in series when the appropriate circuit board is mounted. Consequently, only a single pulse need be applied through the remaining two terminal pins 42 in order to operate the selected crosspoint. Similarly, it will be readily apparent that many different crosspoint arrays can easily be obtained merely by suitably arranging the circuit paths on the circuit boards 60 or 70. As a consequence, a shunt plate assembly wired in a standard pattern can be adapted to a variety of switching functions simply by equipping it with suitably designed printed circuit boards.

In addition to the foregoing advantages, the disclosed design improves maintenance procedures. For example, the tabs 71 in each window 75 are designed to be easily seperated from the reed switch leads in order to expose the reed switches 56 in the underlying coil form 32. After a tab 71 has been detached, it is a simple matter to unsolder the remaining lead of a defective reed switch 56, remove it, and replace it with one that is not defective. As a result, maintenance can be efficiently performed.

In summary, therefore, a ferreed switch design has been disclosed herein which facilitates manufacture, alleviates structural difficulties, improve maintenance procedures, improves operating characteristics and reduces handling problems when placed in sen/ice. While only one embodiment has been disclosed, it is to be understood that it merely exemplifies the principles of the invention and many other embodiments falling within the spirit and scope of the invention will readily occur to others skilled in the art.

What is claimed is: 1. In switching apparatus for selectively connecting circuits through a matrix, the combination comprising:

a shunt plate assembly including a magnetically conducting plate having a plurality of apertures arranged in a matrix array and a plurality of elongated coil forms mounted in said apertures with end sections projecting from opposite sides of said plate; first rigid circuit means disposed in parallel with one side of said plate and including a plurality of hole sets and a plurality of electrically conducting paths, each of said hole sets being in register with the end of a coil form and including at least one individual hole for accommodating a lead extending from one end of a switching unit; second rigid circuit means disposed in parallel with the other side of said shunt plate and including a plurality of windows and a plurality of electrically conducting paths, each of said windows being in register with the end section of a coil form and a hole set and being large enough to accommodate in common all of the leadsV extending from one end of all of the switching units in a single coil form; at least one switching unit mounted in each coil form and having one lead extending through a hole in said first circuit means and another lead extending through a window in said second circuit means; and

means for joining the leads on said switching units to said electrically conducting paths.

2. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein said first and second circuit means comprise an electrically conducting plate insulated from said circuit paths by a dielectric material whereby said first and second circuit means function as strip lines.

3. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein said means for joining the leads on said switching units to said electrically conducting paths includes an elongated tab extending across a portion of a window and having a first portion attached to an electrically conducting path and a second portion attached to a lead from said switching unit, said second portion being flexible whereby stresses applied to said lead are relieved when said tab bends.

4. The combination in accordance with claim 3 wherein said first portion has a rectangular configuration and includes three locating aps, two of said flaps being in line with each other and abutting a common side of a window and the other fiap being disposed in a hole in one of said electrically conducting paths whereby free movement of said ta'b is restrained.

5. The combination in accordance with claim 1 wherein said coil form comprises an elongated hollow vessel sealed at one end by a floor and internally divided into compartments by a separator whereby reed switches inserted therein will be isolated from each other and located in predetermined positions.

6. The combination in accordance with claim 5 wherein said separator has a cross-sectional configuration comprising an alternating series of arc and line segments linked to form a closed figure, each arc segment and each line segment being spaced from the interior wall of said vessel whereby compartments and pockets are formed to accommodate reed switches and remanent magnetic plates, respectively.

7. The combination in accordance with claim 5 wherein each compartment in said coil form includes a hole for accommodating a lead from a switching unit.

8. The combination in accordance with claim 7 wherein each of said holes is tapered to facilitate insertion of a lead.

9. Switching apparatus for selectively connecting circuits through a matrix comprising:

a shunt plate assembly including a magnetically conducting member having a plurality of apertures arranged in a matrix array, an elongated coil form for grouping switch units into a crosspoint cluster mounted in each of said apertures, said coil form being sealed at one end by a floor, being internally divided into compartments by a separator and having end sections projecting from opposite sides of said magnetically conducting member, at least one switch unit mounted in each of said coil forms with leads extending beyond the extremities of said end sections, a pair of differentially wound coils located on each coil form, terminal pins attached to said magnetically conducting member and having projecting ends, means for connecting said coils to the projecting ends of said terminal pins and a plurality of stand-off members extending outwardly from said lmagnetically conducting member;

a first conductor member attached in parallel to one side of said shunt plate assembly, and in spaced relationship to said magnetically conducting member by the free ends of said stand-off members, said first conductor member including first connector means for interconnectnig said coils and switch units to external circuitry, a plurality of hole sets each containing at least one hole wherein each hole set is in register with a coil form and each hole is adapted to accommodate a lead from a single switch unit, a plurality of holes for accommodating the projecting ends from said terminal pins and circuit means for electrically connecting said leads and said projecting ends from said terminal pins to said first connector means; and

a second conductor member attached in parallel to the Opposite side of said shunt plate assembly and in spaced relationship to said magnetically conducting member by the free ends of said stand-off members,

said second conductor member including second connector means for interconnecting said coils and switch units to external'circuitry, a plurality of windows is in register with both a hole set and a coil form and is adapted to accommodate in a common opening leads from switch units mounted in said coil form, electrically conducting tab means extending from the perimeter of each window to each of the leads accommodated by said window, and circuit means for electrically connecting said ta=b means to said second conductor means, said tab means being mechanically flexible whereby mechanical stresses exerted on the switching unit leads attached to said tab means are readily relieved.

10. Switching apparatus in accordance with claim 9 wherein one of said first and second conductor members includes a metal plate and a dielectric material disposed between said metal plate and said circuit means whereby said one of said first and second conductor members acts as a strip line.

11. Switching apparatus in accordance with claim 9 wherein said first and second connector means comprise plug-in connectors mounted in register with each other at one end of said first and second conductor members, respectively.

12. Switching apparatus in accordance with claim 9 and further including a housing for protecting said shunt plate assembly and said first and second conducting members, said housing including two halves having bent-over edges, each half being adapted to fit on one side of said shunt plate assembly and over one of said first and second conducting members with said edges adjacent but spaced from the edges of said other half in order to expose an edge on said magnetically conducting member and form a space.

13. Switching apparatus in accordance with claim 11 and further including a pair of lever arms mounted on opposite edges of said magnetically conducting member, each of said lever arms being pivotally mounted and including means for limiting inward travel of said switching apparatus into a supporting structure and means for camming said connector plugs into a socket when said lever arms are rotated.

14. A coil form assembly for use in a ferreed switch comprising:

a hollow, elongated, vessel sealed by a floor at one end,

open at the other end, internally divided into compartments and pockets fby a separator and a plurality of corner guides, and perforated by a hole located in each compartment, said hole extending through said sealed end;

switching means operatively responsive to the magnetic state of a flux producing member, said switching means having input and output leads and being disposed in one of said compartments with one of said input and output leads extending through the hole therein and the other of said input and output leads projecting out of the open end of said vessel;

said flux producing member being made of a material having two magnetically remanent states, being disposed in one of said pockets, and being centrally located in said vessel by said floor; and

coil means wound on a portion of the outer wall of said vessel for controlling the magnetic state of said flux producing member.

15. The combination in accordance with claim 14 wherein said separator has a cross-sectional configuration comprising an alternate series of arc and line segments linked whereby a closed figure is formed in which said switching means is disposed between an arc segment and a portion of the internal wall of said vessel and said fiux producing member is disposed between a line Segment and another portion of the interior wall of said vessel.

16. The combination in accordance with claim 15 wherein each hole in a compartment is tapered whereby entry of a lead is facilitated.

17. The combination in accordance with claim 16 wherein said flux producing member is a rectangular strip of magnetic material having a substantially square hysteresis loop and being mounted with corners in two corner guides.

18. In a switching apparatus for selectively connecting circuits through a matrix, the combination comprising:

a shunt plate assembly including a magnetically conducting plate containing a plurality of coil forms arranged in a matrix array;

a pair of circuit boards mounted on opposite sides of said magnetically conducting plate, each of said circuit boards including a plurality of circuit paths and at least one of said circuit boards including an electrically conducting metal plate separated from said circuit paths by a dielectric material;

at least one switching unit mounted in each of said coil forms and having an input lead attache-d to a circuit path on one circiut board and an output lead attached to a circuit path on the other circuit board; and

means for magnetically operating said switching units,

said means being mounted on said coil forms.

19. The combination in accordance with claim 18 wherein one of said circuit boards has a plurality of hole sets disposed in register with said coil forms and said other circuit board has a plurality of windows disposed in register with said coil forms.

20. The combination in accordance with claim 18 wherein said metal plate is made of a magnetically as well as electrically conducting material.

References Cited I UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,372,310 3/1968 Kantor. 3,408,602 l0/1968 McWhorter 335-112 3,439,301 4/1969 Kudo 335-112 BERNARD A. GILHEANY, Primary Examiner H. BROOME, Assistant Examiner 

